The term electrical energy storage encompasses all mechanisms contributing to the absorption of electrical energy and its subsequent return to the electrical system [1]. Their utility arises from various factors, including effective management of situations with increased renewable energy production and its temporal misalignment with demand, observed in high-penetration renewable energy systems. Their positive impact extends to daily energy markets, mitigating price fluctuations. Furthermore, they can provide solutions to the persistent and worsening issue of network congestion by offering regulation (frequency) and control (voltage) services. Additionally, the environmental friendliness of these technologies cannot be overlooked, given their reduced consumption of fossil fuels, resulting in lower emissions.
In conclusion, the development of such technologies allows for the enhancement of renewable energy penetration levels, contributing to the effort to disentangle electrical systems from conventional generation stations. Their positive impact is evident both economically, as the costly operation of conventional units is curtailed, and environmentally, by reducing the reliance of each electrical system on fossil fuel consumption.
